[Bayyana ci gaba da halaye na vacuum circuit breaker]: vacuum circuit breaker yana nufin mahaɗar da'ira wanda lambobin sadarwarsa ke rufe kuma suna buɗewa cikin sarari.Ƙasar Ingila da Amurka ne suka fara nazarin na'urorin na'ura mai ɗorewa, sannan suka haɓaka zuwa Japan, Jamus, tsohuwar Tarayyar Soviet da sauran ƙasashe.Kasar Sin ta fara yin nazari kan ka'idar na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa tun daga shekarar 1959, kuma ta samar da na'urori daban-daban a hukumance a farkon shekarun 1970.
Vacuum circuit breaker yana nufin mai karkatar da kewayawa wanda lambobin sadarwa ke rufe kuma suna buɗewa cikin sarari.
Ƙasar Ingila da Amurka ne suka fara nazarin na'urorin na'ura mai ɗorewa, sannan suka haɓaka zuwa Japan, Jamus, tsohuwar Tarayyar Soviet da sauran ƙasashe.A shekarar 1959, kasar Sin ta fara yin nazari kan ka'idar injin da'ira, kuma a farkon shekarun 1970s ta samar da nau'o'in nau'ikan injin da'ira.Ci gaba da haɓakawa da haɓaka fasahohin masana'antu irin su injin katsewa, tsarin aiki da matakin rufewa sun sa injin kewayawa ya haɓaka cikin sauri, kuma an sami jerin manyan nasarori a cikin binciken manyan iya aiki, ƙaramin ƙarfi, hankali da aminci.
Tare da abũbuwan amfãni daga mai kyau baka kashe halaye, dace da akai-akai aiki, dogon lantarki rayuwa, high aiki AMINCI, da kuma dogon kiyaye free lokaci, injin da'irar breakers da aka yadu amfani a cikin birane da karkara ikon grid canji, sinadaran masana'antu, karfe, Railway samar da wutar lantarki, hakar ma'adinai da sauran masana'antu a masana'antar samar da wutar lantarki ta kasar Sin.Kayayyakin sun bambanta daga nau'ikan ZN1-ZN5 da yawa a baya zuwa adadi da yawa na ƙira da iri a yanzu.Ƙimar halin yanzu ya kai 4000A, raguwa ya kai 5OKA, ko da 63kA, kuma ƙarfin lantarki ya kai 35kV.
Za a iya ganin haɓakawa da halaye na na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa ta hanyoyi da yawa, ciki har da haɓaka mai katsewa, haɓaka tsarin aiki da haɓaka tsarin rufewa.
Ci gaba da halayen masu katsewa
2.1Haɓaka masu katsewa
An gabatar da manufar yin amfani da matsakaicin matsakaita don kashe baka a ƙarshen karni na 19, kuma an kera farkon mai katsewa a cikin 1920s.Duk da haka, saboda iyakancewar fasahar vacuum, kayan aiki da sauran matakan fasaha, ba su da amfani a lokacin.Tun daga shekarun 1950, tare da haɓaka sabbin fasahohi, an warware matsaloli da yawa a cikin kera na'urori masu katsewa, kuma a hankali injin injin ya kai matakin aiki.A tsakiyar shekarun 1950, Kamfanin General Electric na Amurka ya samar da nau'in na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa tare da ƙididdige adadin 12KA.Daga baya, a cikin ƙarshen 1950s, saboda haɓakar masu katsewa tare da lambobin sadarwa masu jujjuyawar maganadisu, an ɗaga ƙarar halin yanzu zuwa 3OKA.Bayan shekarun 1970s, Kamfanin Lantarki na Toshiba na Japan ya sami nasarar ƙera na'ura mai katsewa tare da lambobi masu tsayi na maganadisu, wanda ya ƙara haɓaka ƙwanƙwasa wutar lantarki zuwa fiye da 5OKA.A halin yanzu, an yi amfani da na'urori masu fashewa a cikin tsarin rarraba wutar lantarki na 1KV da 35kV, kuma ƙididdiga na yanzu na iya kaiwa 5OKA-100KAo.Wasu ƙasashe kuma sun samar da masu katse iska mai nauyin 72kV/84kV, amma adadin kaɗan ne.DC high-voltage janareta
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, ana samar da na'urori masu fashewa a kasar Sin suma cikin sauri.A halin yanzu, fasahar masu katsewa a cikin gida tana daidai da na samfuran waje.Akwai masu katsewa ta hanyar amfani da fasahar filin maganadisu a tsaye da kwance da fasahar tuntuɓar kunna wuta ta tsakiya.Lambobin da aka yi da kayan alloy na Cu Cr sun yi nasarar katse haɗin 5OKA da 63kAo injin katsewa a China, waɗanda suka kai matsayi mafi girma.Mai katsewar injin injin na iya amfani da masu katsewa gaba ɗaya na gida.
2.2Halayen injin katsewa
Wurin kashe injin baka shine babban abin da ke cikin injin da'ira.Ana goyan bayansa kuma an rufe shi da gilashi ko yumbu.Akwai lambobi masu ƙarfi da tsayi da murfin garkuwa a ciki.Akwai matsi mara kyau a cikin ɗakin.Matsakaicin digiri shine 133 × 10 Nine 133 × LOJPa, don tabbatar da kashe aikin sa da matakin rufewa lokacin karya.Lokacin da injin injin ya ragu, aikin sa na karya zai ragu sosai.Don haka, ba za a yi tasiri da wani ƙarfi na waje ba, kuma kada a buga shi ko mari da hannu.Ba za a damu ba yayin motsi da kulawa.An haramta sanya wani abu a kan na'urar da'ira don hana ɓoyayyen ɗaki daga lalacewa lokacin faɗuwa.Kafin isarwa, injin da'irar zazzagewa za a yi bincike mai tsauri da haɗuwa.Yayin kiyayewa, za a ɗaure duk ƙusoshin ɗakin kashe baka don tabbatar da damuwa iri ɗaya.
Na'urar da'ira mai motsi tana katse wutar lantarki kuma tana kashe baka a cikin ɗakin da ke kashe injin baka.Koyaya, injin da'ira da kanta ba ta da na'urar da za ta bi diddigin ƙima da ƙididdige ƙima, don haka kuskuren rage vacuum kuskure ne na ɓoye.A lokaci guda kuma, raguwar digiri na injin zai yi tasiri sosai ga ikon injin da'ira na iya yanke abin da ya wuce halin yanzu, kuma zai haifar da raguwa mai yawa a cikin rayuwar sabis na na'urar, wanda zai haifar da fashewar sauyawa lokacin da tsanani.
A taƙaice, babban matsalar mai katsewa shine cewa an rage digiri na injin.Babban dalilan da ke haifar da raguwar iska sune kamar haka.
(1) Na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa abu ne mai laushi.Bayan barin masana'anta, masana'antar bututun lantarki na iya samun yabo na gilashi ko hatimin yumbu bayan sau da yawa na abubuwan sufuri, girgiza shigarwa, karon haɗari, da sauransu.
(2) Akwai matsaloli a cikin kayan aiki ko tsarin masana'anta na mai katsewa, kuma wuraren zubar da ruwa suna bayyana bayan ayyuka da yawa.
(3) Don tsaga nau'in vacuum circuit breaker, irin su na'ura mai aiki da wutar lantarki, lokacin aiki, saboda nisa mai nisa na haɗin aiki, kai tsaye yana rinjayar aiki tare, billa, overtravel da sauran halaye na maɓalli don saurin sauri. rage digiri.DC high-voltage janareta
Hanyar jiyya don rage madaidaicin matakin injin katsewa:
A kai a kai lura da injin katsewa, kuma a kai a kai a yi amfani da injin injin injin motsi don auna ma'aunin injin injin, ta yadda za a tabbatar da cewa injin injin injin yana cikin kewayon da aka kayyade;Lokacin da vacuum digiri ya ragu, dole ne a maye gurbin mai katsewa, kuma dole ne a yi gwaje-gwajen halaye kamar bugun jini, aiki tare da billa da kyau.
3. Haɓaka tsarin aiki
Tsarin aiki yana ɗaya daga cikin muhimman al'amura don kimanta aikin injin da'ira.Babban dalilin da ya shafi amincin injin da'ira mai katsewa shine halayen injinan aiki.Dangane da ci gaban tsarin aiki, ana iya raba shi zuwa nau'ikan masu zuwa.DC high-voltage janareta
3.1Tsarin aiki da hannu
Tsarin aiki da ke dogaro da rufewa kai tsaye ana kiransa tsarin aiki da hannu, wanda galibi ana amfani da shi don sarrafa na'urorin da'ira tare da ƙarancin ƙarfin ƙarfin lantarki da ƙarancin ƙima.Ba a cika yin amfani da tsarin da hannu ba a sassan wutar lantarki na waje sai masana'antu da masana'antar hakar ma'adinai.Tsarin aiki na manual yana da sauƙi a cikin tsari, baya buƙatar hadaddun kayan aikin taimako kuma yana da lahani wanda ba zai iya sake rufewa ta atomatik kuma ana iya sarrafa shi kawai a cikin gida, wanda ba shi da lafiya.Don haka, an kusan maye gurbin na'ura mai aiki da hannu ta hanyar aikin bazara tare da ajiyar makamashin hannu.
3.2Tsarin aiki na lantarki
Tsarin aiki wanda aka rufe ta hanyar ƙarfin lantarki ana kiransa aikin aiki na lantarki d.Ana haɓaka tsarin CD17 a cikin daidaituwa tare da samfuran gida na ZN28-12.A cikin tsari, an kuma shirya shi a gaba da bayan mai katsewa.
Abubuwan da ke tattare da tsarin aiki na lantarki shine tsari mai sauƙi, aiki mai dogara da ƙananan farashin masana'antu.Lalacewar ita ce wutar da ke amfani da na'urar rufewa ta yi girma da yawa, kuma tana buƙatar shirya shi [Bayyanawar ci gaba da halaye na na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa]. a sarari.Ƙasar Ingila da Amurka ne suka fara nazarin na'urorin na'ura mai ɗorewa, sannan suka haɓaka zuwa Japan, Jamus, tsohuwar Tarayyar Soviet da sauran ƙasashe.Kasar Sin ta fara yin nazari kan ka'idar na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa tun daga shekarar 1959, kuma ta samar da na'urori daban-daban a hukumance a farkon shekarun 1970.
Baturi masu tsada, babban rufewa na yanzu, babban tsari, tsawon lokacin aiki, kuma sannu a hankali an rage rabon kasuwa.
3.3Spring aiki inji DC high-voltage janareta
Kayan aikin bazara yana amfani da maɓuɓɓugar makamashi da aka adana a matsayin ikon sa mai sauyawa ya gane aikin rufewa.Ana iya motsa shi ta hanyar manpower ko ƙananan wutar lantarki AC da DC Motors, don haka ikon rufewa ba shi da tasiri ta hanyar abubuwan waje (kamar wutar lantarki, matsa lamba na iska, matsa lamba na hydraulic matsa lamba), wanda ba zai iya kawai ba. cimma babban saurin rufewa, amma kuma gane saurin aiki mai maimaitawa ta atomatik;Bugu da ƙari, idan aka kwatanta da na'ura mai aiki da wutar lantarki, tsarin aikin bazara yana da ƙananan farashi da ƙananan farashi.Ita ce tsarin aiki da aka fi amfani da shi a cikin na'ura mai ɗaukar hoto, kuma masana'anta ma sun fi yawa, waɗanda ke ci gaba da haɓakawa.Hanyoyin CT17 da CT19 sune na hali, kuma ana amfani da ZN28-17, VS1 da VGl tare da su.
Gabaɗaya, injin aikin bazara yana da ɗaruruwan sassa, kuma tsarin watsawa yana da ɗan rikitarwa, tare da ƙimar gazawa, yawancin sassa masu motsi da buƙatun aiwatar da masana'anta.Bugu da kari, tsarin tsarin aikin bazara yana da sarkakiya, kuma akwai filaye masu zamiya da yawa, kuma galibinsu suna cikin muhimman sassa.A lokacin aiki na dogon lokaci, lalacewa da lalacewa na waɗannan sassa, da asarar da kuma warkar da man shafawa, zai haifar da kurakurai na aiki.Akwai galibin gazawar masu zuwa.
(1) Na'urar da'ira ta ki yin aiki, wato tana aika siginar aiki zuwa ga na'urar ba tare da rufewa ko buɗewa ba.
(2) Ba za a iya rufe maɓalli ba ko an cire haɗin bayan rufewa.
(3) Idan akwai haɗari, ba za a iya cire haɗin kai da na'urar kariya ta relay ba.
(4) Ƙona murfin rufewa.
Sakamakon gazawar bincike na tsarin aiki:
Na'ura mai karyawa ta ƙi yin aiki, wanda ƙila ya zama sanadin asarar wutar lantarki ko ƙarancin wutar lantarkin aiki, katsewar da'irar aiki, yanke haɗin na'urar rufewa ko coil ɗin buɗewa, da kuma ƙarancin hulɗar abokan hulɗar sauyawar taimako. a kan inji.
Ba za a iya rufe maɓalli ba ko buɗewa bayan rufewa, wanda ƙila ya haifar da ƙarancin wutar lantarki mai aiki, tafiye-tafiyen lamba da yawa na maɓalli mai motsi na mai watsewar da'ira, cire haɗin haɗin haɗin na'urar kunnawa, da kuma ƙaramin adadin. haɗi tsakanin rabin shaft na tsarin aiki da pawl;
Yayin hatsarin, aikin kariyar relay da na'urar keɓancewa ba za a iya cire haɗin ba.Yana iya zama cewa akwai al'amura na waje a cikin buɗaɗɗen ƙarfe na ƙarfe wanda ya hana ƙarfin ƙarfe daga yin aiki da sassauƙa, buɗewar buɗewar rabin ramin ba zai iya jujjuyawa ba a hankali, kuma an katse da'irar aikin buɗewa.
Dalilan da za su iya ƙona murfin rufewa sune: ba za a iya cire haɗin DC contactor ba bayan rufewa, madaidaicin madaidaicin ba ya juya zuwa wurin buɗewa bayan rufewa, kuma madaidaicin madaidaicin yana kwance.
3.4Injin maganadisu na dindindin
Na'urar maganadisu ta dindindin tana amfani da sabon ƙa'idar aiki don haɗa tsarin lantarki ta jiki tare da maganadisu na dindindin, guje wa abubuwan da ba su da kyau waɗanda ke haifar da faɗuwar inji a wurin rufewa da buɗewa da tsarin kullewa.Ƙarfin riƙon da magnet ɗin dindindin ya haifar zai iya kiyaye injin da'ira a cikin rufewa da buɗe wurare lokacin da ake buƙatar kowane makamashi na inji.An sanye shi da tsarin sarrafawa don gane duk ayyukan da na'urar kewayawa ke buƙata.Ana iya raba shi zuwa nau'i biyu: monostable dindindin Magnetic actuator da bistable m Magnetic actuator.Ka'idar aiki na bistable m magnetic actuator shine cewa buɗewa da rufewa na actuator sun dogara da ƙarfin maganadisu na dindindin;Ka'idar aiki na injin aiki na magnet ɗin dindindin na monostable shine don buɗewa da sauri tare da taimakon bazarar ajiyar makamashi da kiyaye matsayin buɗewa.Rufewa kawai zai iya kiyaye ƙarfin maganadisu na dindindin.Babban samfurin Trede Electric shine mai sarrafa maganadisu na dindindin, kuma masana'antun cikin gida galibi suna haɓaka injin maganadisu na dindindin.
Tsarin bistable m magnet actuator ya bambanta, amma akwai nau'ikan ka'idoji guda biyu kawai: nau'in coil biyu (nau'in simmetrical) da nau'in coil guda (nau'in asymmetrical).Waɗannan sifofi guda biyu an gabatar da su a taƙaice a ƙasa.
(1) Na'urar maganadisu na dindindin sau biyu
Tsarin maganadisu na dindindin na coil biyu yana da alaƙa da: yin amfani da maganadisu na dindindin don kiyaye injin kewayawa a wuraren buɗewa da rufewa bi da bi, ta yin amfani da coil na motsa jiki don tura maɓallin ƙarfe na injin daga wurin buɗewa zuwa matsayin rufewa, da amfani da shi. wani motsi na motsa jiki don tura maɓallin ƙarfe na injin daga wurin rufewa zuwa wurin buɗewa.Misali, tsarin sauyawa na VMl na ABB yana ɗaukar wannan tsarin.
(2) Single coil m maganadisu inji
Tsarin maganadisu na dindindin na coil guda ɗaya shima yana amfani da maganadisu na dindindin don kiyaye injin kewayawa a iyakar buɗewa da rufewa, amma ana amfani da coil ɗaya mai ban sha'awa don buɗewa da rufewa.Hakanan akwai coils biyu na zuƙowa don buɗewa da rufewa, amma igiyoyin biyu suna gefe ɗaya, kuma hanyar da ke gudana na madaidaiciyar na'urar ta bambanta.Ka'idarsa iri ɗaya ce da na injin naɗaɗɗen murɗa guda ɗaya.Ƙarfin rufewa ya fito ne daga coil excitation, kuma ƙarfin buɗewa ya fito ne daga farkon bazara.Misali, ginshiƙin GVR ɗin da aka ɗora injin na'ura mai ɗaukar hoto wanda Kamfanin Whipp&Bourne ya ƙaddamar a Burtaniya yana ɗaukar wannan tsarin.
Dangane da halaye na sama na injin maganadisu na dindindin, ana iya taƙaita fa'idodinsa da rashin amfanin sa.Abubuwan amfani shine cewa tsarin yana da sauƙi mai sauƙi, idan aka kwatanta da tsarin bazara, an rage abubuwan da ke tattare da shi da kusan 60%;Tare da ƙananan abubuwan haɗin gwiwa, ƙimar gazawar kuma za a rage, don haka amincin yana da girma;Long sabis rayuwa na inji;Ƙananan girma da nauyi mai sauƙi.Rashin hasara shi ne cewa dangane da halaye na budewa, saboda motsin ƙarfe mai motsi yana shiga cikin motsi na budewa, motsin motsi na tsarin motsi yana ƙaruwa sosai lokacin buɗewa, wanda ba shi da kyau don inganta saurin budewa mai ƙarfi;Saboda babban ƙarfin aiki, ana iyakance shi ta ƙarfin capacitor.
4. Ci gaban tsarin rufewa
Bisa ga kididdigar da bincike na nau'in haɗari a cikin aiki na masu rarraba wutar lantarki a cikin tsarin wutar lantarki na kasa bisa ga bayanan tarihi masu dacewa, rashin buɗe asusun 22.67%;Ƙin haɗin kai ya kai 6.48%;Karyewa da yin hatsarori sun kai kashi 9.07%;Hatsarin da ke tattare da cutar ya kai kashi 35.47%;Hadarin rashin aiki ya kai kashi 7.02%;Hatsarin rufe kogi ya kai kashi 7.95%;Ƙarfin waje da sauran hatsarurru sun kai 11.439 babba, wanda hadurran rufe fuska da hatsarurrukan rarrabuwar kawuna suka fi fice, wanda ya kai kusan kashi 60% na duk hatsura.Don haka, tsarin rufewa kuma shine maɓalli na injin da'ira.Dangane da canje-canje da haɓakar rufin ginshiƙi na zamani, ana iya raba asali zuwa ƙarnuka uku: rufin iska, haɗaɗɗen rufin, da ingantaccen shingen sandar sanda.
Lokacin aikawa: Oktoba-22-2022